GMAT申友阅读RC题库-Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage?-破解版07-真题答案解析

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Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in

dissimilar jobs can be compared. In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so.

This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market. However, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?

Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting. Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs. But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated. In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer. Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer.

Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose

of the passage?

(A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure

(B) To assess the significance of a change in policy

(D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases

(E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy

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答案：

作者的逻辑

意思是要说明“可比价值”是已经变为了一个社会的策略。所有的后文都是在评价这个策略比之于其他的策略或以前有什么特别或优势。 (A)评价一个新的步骤的实施。不管这里“criticize”是评价还是批评，“Comparable worth”都不是一个步骤，而是一个社会策略。 (B)Correct。评价（确定）一个策略变化的意义。这里要首先注意，“significance”可以是“意义”的意思。文中没有说这个策略有多么重要，但是评价了它的意义。change在一开始就说明了，上个10年，这个策略才被实行。那么也就是说，策略在上个十年从“其他的”策略变为了“可比价值”策略。文章正是要说明这个变化的意义。 (C)说明一个新标准如何替代一个步骤。文中没有提到过新的标准，或是步骤。 (D)解释一个新的策略是如何被应用到了一个特殊的情况下的。文中没有提及特殊情况，当然，作者通篇也没有讲述应用的过程。 (E)总结社会政策（实施）到目前为止带来的变化。作者在文章中没有总结的含义。